After prohibition of workplace smoking, we observed improvement in mean FVC (0.189 L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.082-0.296 L; 4.2% change) and, to a lesser extent, mean FEV1 (0.039 L; 95% CI, -0.030 to 0.107 L; 1.2% change). The relative odds for chronic bronchitis were significantly higher in subjects reporting involuntary tobacco smoke exposure in the workplace (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 3.11). In 2002, a paragraph on restriction of smoking at the workplace has been added to the German Workplaces Ordinance. Pooled relative risk estimates for breast cancer were calculated for 1) life-long non-smokers with regular passive exposure to tobacco smoke and 2) women who smoked.
The epidemiological and biochemical evidence on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, with the supporting evidence of tobacco specific carcinogens in the blood and urine of non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, provides compelling confirmation that breathing other people's tobacco smoke is a cause of lung cancer.This paper provides a systematic, quantitative review of the epidemiological evidence relating parental smoking and sudden infant death. In bevölkerungsbezogenen Untersuchungen geben 30-60 % aller Befragten an, regelmäßig gegenüber Passivrauch exponiert zu sein.
In experimental studies passive and active smoking have similar effects on platelet aggregation. Sie ermöglichen eine effiziente und breit akzeptierte Vermittlung von Fachwissen zu umweltmedizinischen Themen.There is overwhelming evidence from large-scale placebo-controlled trials but also from epidemiologic COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) studies and meta-analyses supporting FEV(1) (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) as a strong diagnostic and prognostic marker that predicts future morbidity and mortality. We conclude that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the occurrence of physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing during childhood. Logistic regression models were fitted to cross-sectional data to estimate the effects of in utero exposure to maternal smoking and previous and current ETS exposure on the prevalence of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma. Among all indoor pollutants, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) might be the most important.
ausgelöst werden oder deren Langzeitprognose sich hierdurch wesentlich verschlechtert. However, the study focuses attention on an interesting subset of literature on secondhand smoke and its consequences.
Telephone interviews were conducted with 228 patients and 301 control subjects who were reached by random-digit dialing. The excess risk derived by linear extrapolation from that in smokers was 19%, similar to the direct estimate of 26%. All in all, FEV(1) and its change over time are essential parameters in the assessment of COPD progression and efficacy of therapeutic intervention.This book is a compilation of observations to date on the chemical properties and composition of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. In never-smokers with childhood ETS exposure, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 7.6% vs 5.9% in nonexposed subjects (p = 0.036). Kelly and Coyne had two children, Timothy (b. A Cox's proportional hazards model was used to obtain independent relative risks of readmission for COPD. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die aktuelle Datenlage zu den Gefahren des Passivrauchens und den Auswirkungen öffentlicher Rauchverbote dargestellt.... Durch das Zigarettenrauchen bedingte Kurzzeiteffekte betreffen das Gedächtnis, die Konzentration, die Stimmung, Emotionen, die Aufmerksamkeit, den Schlaf, die Herzschlagfrequenz, den arteriellen Blutdruck, den peripheren Gefäßstatus und die Atemfrequenz (Trofor, 2004).